The Cuban Government After Castro essays

The Cuban Government After Castro essays Recently, Fidel Castro ceded power to his brother, Raul, while undergoing stomach surgery. This action fueled speculation as to Cuba's future. As Cuban exiles rejoiced in Miami streets, believing that Castro was near death, political and business figures sat poised, ready to engage in a new trading partner. Although a new dialogue with the United States will most certainly evolve with Castro's death, it is unlikely that the Cuban government will undergo swift dramatic changes. Many experts, such as Terry McCoy, a Latin American studies professor at the University of Florida, believes that a change in leadership may not necessarily mean an immediate end to the Communist nation's current regime (Rigney 2006). McCoy says the question is whether Raul, who is less charismatic and lacks the leadership qualities of Fidel, can hold onto power, but believes the government will survive in the short term (Rigney 2006). According to McCoy, the succession plan " first involves Raul Castro and then a circle of much younger successors, who would run the country through some type of collective leadership" (Rigney 2006). However, it is doubtful that Raul or his successors would "'usher in a new era of leadership," and no one should expect any type of "competitive elections in the near future," however "there may perhaps be a shift toward a market-style communism like in China and Vietnam" (Rigney 2006). McCoy emphasizes that while Cuban exiles may be rejoicing at the po ssibility of a Cuba with Fidel, the situation is far more complex for Cuban natives (Rigney 2006). Says McCoy, "Castro's government is the only one they know, and it has provided them with jobs, health care and education...many Cubans are unhappy with their situation, but are nervous about their future once their leader of four decades dies" (Rigney 2006). Prominent dissident, Vladimiro Roca, says, "Fidel Castro may be sick, but neither the Ministry of the Interior nor the state s...

Georges Cuvier Biography

Georges Cuvier Biography Early Life and Education: Born August 23, 1769 - Died May 13, 1832 Georges Cuvier was born on August 23, 1769 to Jean George Cuvier and Anne Clemence Chatel. He grew up in the town of Montbeliard in the Jura Mountains of France. While he was a child, his mother tutored him in addition to his formal schooling making him much more advanced than his classmates. In 1784, Georges went away to the Carolinian Academy in Stuttgart, Germany. Upon graduation in 1788, he took a position as a tutor for a noble family in Normandy. Not only did this position keep him out of the French Revolution, it also gave him the opportunity to begin studying nature and eventually become a prominent Naturalist. In 1795, Cuvier moved to Paris and became a professor of Animal Anatomy at Musà ©e National dHistoire Naturelle. He was later appointed by Napoleon Bonaparte to various government positions related to education. Personal Life: In 1804, Georges Cuvier met and married Anne Marie Coquet de Trazaille. She had been widowed during the French Revolution and had four children. Georges and Anne Marie went on to have four children of their own. Unfortunately, only one of those children, a daughter, survived past infancy. Biography: Georges Cuvier was actually a very vocal opponent to the Theory of Evolution. In his 1797 published work entitled Elementary Survey of the Natural History of Animals, Cuvier hypothesized that since all of the different animals he had studied have such specialized and different anatomy, they must not have changed at all since the creation of the Earth. Most zoologists of the time period thought an animals structure was what determined where they lived and how they behaved. Cuvier proposed the opposite. He believed that the structure and function of organs in animals was determined by how they interacted with the environment. His Correlation of Parts hypothesis emphasized that all organs worked together within the body and how they worked was directly a result of their environment. Cuvier also studied many fossils. In fact, legend has it that he would be able to reconstruct a diagram of an animal based off of a single bone that had been found. His extensive studies led him to be one of the first scientists to create a classification system for animals. Georges realized there was no possible way that all animals could be fit into a linear system from most simple in structure all the way up to humans. Georges Cuvier was the most vocal opponent to Jean Baptiste Lamarck and his ideas of evolution. Lamarck was a proponent of the linear system of classification and that there were no constant species. Cuviers main argument against Lamarcks ideas was that important organ systems, like the nervous system or cardiovascular system, did not change or lose function like other less important organs did. The presence of vestigial structures was the cornerstone of Lamarcks theory. Perhaps the most well known of Georges Cuviers ideas comes from his 1813 published work called Essay on the Theory of the Earth. In this, he hypothesized that new species came into being after catastrophic floods, such as the flood described in the Bible when Noah built the ark. This theory is now known as catastrophism. Cuvier thought that only the highest of the mountain tops were immune to the floods. These ideas were not very well received by the overall scientific community, but more religious based organizations embraced the idea. Even though Cuvier was anti-evolution during his lifetime, his work actually helped give Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace a starting point for their studies of evolution. Cuviers insistence that there was more than one lineage of animals and that organ structure and function depended on the environment helped shaped the idea of Natural Selection.

Body's regulation of temperature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Body's regulation of temperature - Essay Example It's very important for us to know the capabilities of our body to fight such dangerous environment. We should know the roots of all that happens in our body. Though fever is treated by the masses us a simple thing that used to come on us and just ignoring this indicator. There is so much more to dig. Homeostasis is the tendency of an organism to maintain a uniform and beneficial physiological stability and between its parts.1 Homeostasis is a remarkable and typical property of an open system. Walter Cannon in 1932, took told the wisdom of the body, the homeostasis, from the two Greek words meaning to remain the same. The cell, which reacts represents the homeostatic system, to every change in the environment, its goal is to maintain its internal balance, stability and to survive, Much importantly when one is faced to a known reaction, or an expected situation and often the result is opposed to the action done. Remember that if one cell that contributes to the complex system; is neither distracted nor destroyed, the stability will not be able anymore to change and evolve. Mammals are endotherms. They do not rely on the sun for warmth because they can generate heat internally. Especially the smaller ones have a high run of the metabolism which helps them generate heat, enough for them to live and survive coldness. The subcutaneous fat that is located under the skin helps them conserve body heat from within, is an example of homeostasis. Body temperature also affects the process of metabolism. For instance, if the body is at work the temperature is high and will get muscles tired. This is the reasons why the internal parts are improperly functioning same if the body is cold or at rest. Therefore we should keep our body working not excessively but in balance work out which does not require our bone to tire up, we should do this for maintaining balance. The hypothalamus and Feedbacks Our brains have an accessory, which contain nerve cells that monitors both the temperatures of the skin and the internal organs called the hypothalamus. If the body temperature is below 37oC the tendency of the hypothalamus is to produce some chemicals that will inform the cells of the entire body to speed up their

Business Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Business Letter - Essay Example Dear Lauren, First, I would like to take this opportunity to welcome you into the company. I have heard a number of your great accomplishment working as a chief financial officer and director of accounting for different firms. I am excited and looking forward to meeting you in the meeting scheduled for Monday, October 14 even though it will be a busy day for me. Tech-shield is a wonderful company, and the great success has always been a result of dedicated employees and teamwork and I believe that your expertise will propel the company too much greater success heights. Your supervision will be beneficial to my colleagues and I, following the success stories I have heard about you. Although the company has been doing well, some important issues are affecting the employees and may even affect the company at large. Some of the challenges the employees are facing include working for long hours and working over the weekends. There are serious consequences for working long hours and may have a negative impact on the company. I am looking forward to discussing this matter with you in the meeting scheduled for Monday. I believe we will find a way forward for the problem. I would also like to bring to your attention a presentation we discussed earlier this year with the former supervisor. The company had suffered a big loss. The team came up with a number of suggestions for the way forward, which included ways of lowering the expenses. Installation of auto sensors for the lights was a suggestion made to help cut electricity bills.

Sustainability in the Manufacturing of Electronic Devices on a Global Scale Essay Example for Free

Sustainability in the Manufacturing of Electronic Devices on a Global Scale Essay Nowadays a world without electronic devices is unthinkable. We use them in every part in our daily routine. Electronic device helps us to wake up in the morning, brush our teeth, make our coffee and even read the newspaper. Each of us uses these devices, but no one thinks about their production or disposal after. Such thoughtlessness provides a general problem in our society. Electronic devices have a shorter product life cycle than in the past. Their numbers increased rapidly worldwide. But what happens with them when we throw them away? All too often our disused electronical equipment go to the global landfills where toxins pollute the environment and valuable commodities such as gold, silver or indium are buried unused. The consequences for humans and nature are devastating. In order to gain benefits form the e-Waste, it can be recycled. However, this leads us to another problem. Some industrialized countries, including the U. S. , Europe and Australia, export their electronic waste preferably in emerging and developing countries. It is estimated that 50 to 80 % of the electronic waste is exported form developed countries. There substances are removed from the electronic waste with simplest means (fire, hammer, acid bath, etc. ). This is a heavy strain on people and the environment. Already children are exposed to toxic substances. Diseases are often the result. On the other side the waste forms the livelihood for many people. For example in Ghana, 41 tons of electronic waste going to be handled. For thousands of people in the poorest countries in the world, this is the only way to earn a little money. Often it is the only was not to enter into prostitution or drug dealing for many people. The reasons for the high volume of e-Waste are varied. Neither often there are no replacement parts for defective equipment, so they cannot be repaired. Or in many cases it is cheaper to by a new device, than to repair an old one. Devices also often aged premature. This is provided by the manufacturer and should also lead to higher consumption. It is hard to find a mobile phone that does more than three years without problems. Another thing is that the design, functionality and trends are changing very fast. We want to have always the newest mobile Phone, Computer and Tablet. With an outdated device you will often be ridiculed. One way to solve the e-Waste Problem would be to make it attractive or possible to consumers to let old device repair. Produces should ensure that their products work a long time. That could lead to a reduction of electronic Waste. But it would also help to change our buying behaviour. Is it really necessary to have the newest mobile Phone, computer or tablet? However, e-Waste is not completely avoidable. So it is also important to find strategies for the recycling of e-Waste. The parts that can be reused should be extracted from the e-Waste. It must give strict guidelines to protect workers from toxic substances. In my opinion it is up to us to solve this problem. We are responsible for the e-Waste and we should also take care of it. First, it is important to make the issue known globally. Many people are not aware of the problem. It should already be taken care on sustainable manufacturing when buying products. But most of all new devices should not be bought as long as the old ones can still be repaired. And the newest iPhone is not the most important thing in the world.

Analysis of Mores The Prince and Utopia Essay -- essays research pape

i. Introduction Sir Thomas More was born in London to Agnes and John More a lawyer in 1477. Tomas after being a page in the Morton Household was sent to Oxford University and became a successful lawyer. After becoming an MP for the Under-Sheriff of London he started writing the book Utopia and finishing it 1516. After writing the book he was appointed as the privy councilor to King Henry VIII in 1518. He was latter executed in 1535 for refusing King Henry VIII to be the head of the church. Utopia is a fictional book about Mores talk with Raphael Nonsenso and his travels to Utopia. Niccolo Machiavelli was born in Florence, Italy in 1469 to a middleclass family. The time in which Machiavelli lived Italy as a country was not united but divide and split into little providences and republics. He latter became responsible for the Florentine militia against the Medici government and rule. When the Medici power reclaimed Florence Machiavelli was arrested for conspiracy he was tortured and then banished from Florence. During his banishment he wrote the book The Prince in 1513 which is dedicated to the new prince of Florence Lorenzo De Medici. The book was a discourse to the prince on how to run a country and also a way Machiavelli can get a job working in politics again. ii. Towns & Local Governments The local towns and governments in Utopia are split up into 54 separate large towns all equally alike in language, laws, customs, education and is no more than 26 miles apart from the next town. Each town in Utopia has about 30 houses that hold about 40 people each and 2 slave per house. Each house sends 20 members out to country for farming every 2 years the first year is spent training and the... ... instruction manual to run a kingdom and at the same time it?s a resume for a job. The reason in which Machiavelli is writing this is to re-enter a political life and political job for the prince. vii. Thesis Sir Thomas Mores Utopia and Niccolo Machiavelli?s The Prince both concern themselves with the basic issues of how a society works and maintains itself. Utopia?s aim is to show and portray of a perfect government and society. The Prince is telling how to run a country successfully and not to be hated or demised in the end. Both of these books deal with the central message of governments and how they should be run from different view and from two very different men. The one issues that they both did agree on is the issue on communism where both said no to the issues both agreeing in the same fact that communism is a government for the lazy.

Boyz in the Hood Research Proposal

In his 1991 film Boyz N the Hood, director John Singleton crafts a world which defies the limitations of cinema to portray events realistically, depicting South Central Los Angeles in the 1980s and early ‘90's. The portrait of the neighborhood where protagonist Trey grows up is in many ways bleak and unflinching. With a casualty that suggests much about the circumstances that face impoverished black Americans in dangerous urban centers, the director marks the world of young Trey with all the trappings of the ghetto.The familiarity that neighborhood children feel toward violence, weapons and death is not as much stated as illustrated in the film, with altercations, gunfire and fatalities providing the backdrop to life. One is immediately struck by the grittiness of the depiction, with longview shots of streets and alleyways showing the constant state of peril and paranoia which came to ensconce Trey and his friends.The comfort that the director shows in dealing with material tha t has the potential to make viewers squeamish appears as a natural element of the story-telling, with the ugly realities of the film’s world taking on a role of exposition for the decisions of the young men of the neighborhood. â€Å"Singleton, having grown up in the kind of situations depicted in his film, created a world close to his heart and well within his knowledge.Thus the young writer/director followed the most-often-preached rule of storytelling – write what you know. † (Santo, 1) This qualified him uniquely to place his stamp as director on this film. Though the approach of bare-knuckled frankness in the film makes it shocking to watch for those unversed in its content, Singleton is successful at avoiding cliche or sensationalism by way of violence.The narrative is instead moved forward by the desires and experiences of the characters to resist the violence, substance abuse and unemployment that are epidemic around them. The film’s effective exa mination of these themes renders it a suitable primary text for a research examination on the treatment of such subjects in cinema. Works Cited Santo, Jason. (Oct. 31, 2003). Fair Enough Friday: You’re a Hack! MicrocinemaScene. Ret. 4/17/08 .

The Sony Playstation 2

Game is one of the biggest markets in the world; most of people like to play game for relaxing, or at the spare time with friends. People of all ages are players. Report has pointed out the global spending on video games-games console hardware and associated games-exceeds that spent at cinema box offices and is double the video rental market. Many firm such like Microsoft, Nintendo and Sony seize this opportunity and plan to enter this biggest market. The competition has been intensified among the game market, who will be the winner? The market leader for hand-held, portable consoles is Nintendo-its Game Boy, launched in 1990, has sold well and consistently. Games console which are coupled up to a domestic television screen comprise a larger section of the market , and this is where Sony has become dominate. In 1994, Sony was a ‘non-entity' in the video games market, however by 1996, it was the world leader of its fast growth market. At the end of 2003 Sony's accumulated sales of 12 million games consoles was well in excess of rivals Sega and Nintendo. The stronger financial support is definitely the reason of successful for Sony. However, those just one small part of reason for the success of the Playstation, the mainly reasons for the success of the Playstation are below: * Adequate knowledge form technology, which had been developed over many years. It was able to derive synergy from its competencies in both hardware and software. * Suitable timing to entered the market, to avoid some unnecessary competition with rivals. Sony timed the launch carefully and entered the market just one month after Sega launched its new Saturn console, the first 32-bit machine. This suggested that the real competition in this sector of the industry lay between Sony and Sega, rather than with Nintendo as well, although in 1997 Nintendo launched its 64-bit N64. * Its pricing strategy for consoles. Sony knew the real profits came from subsequent software sales and happy to cross-subsidize a relatively low-priced console. They also enjoying cost saving through the experience curve effect and happy to pass these on to consumers. * A number of attractive licensing deals, which helped it, build up a strong portfolio of games from the outset. A number of key games software companies were persuaded to switch their allegiance to Sony.†1 * Sony's advertising campaign was very specifically planned. Sony worked out exactly what they wanted the adverts to achieve. They also aimed to make people think of the Playstation as powerful and destructive, using the line, â€Å"Do not under-estimate the power of Playstation† in many of its adverts. Those intelligence ideas help Sony become a winner through this competition. So they are the strengths of Sony Playstation, which made Sony's market share grows in creditable rate. And helped Sony corporation build up a good reputation among the consumers that will become advantage for Sony's further competition. Late in 2000 Sony was unable to satisfy the early demand in both the US and Europe for its new Playstation 2. The problem has come. It was experiencing internal supply problems of critical components. This is a real fault for Sony in Christmas – the peak sales period. This could affect the profits of Sony Corporation. When Sony was struggling with the launch of Playstation 2, Microsoft and Nintendo realized this is a good opportunity to launch their new game console into the video games market. They believe there was a real chance that some customers would switch to the game console of Microsoft and Nintendo, if their intended first choice Playstation were no available. This is a real threat for Playstation's position in the video game market. As Nintendo and Microsoft launch their new game console into the video game market, something has been changed. Reports said that sales of Sony's PlayStation 2 console are down but sales of Nintendo's GameCube console seem to be on the rise. The holiday sales of Nintendo's GameCube rose over 70% from a year ago, while Sony's PlayStation 2 sales did not fall as sharply as expected. Nintendo also said that it would easily achieve a global sales target of six million GameCubes for the full business year. Its sales are directly being attributed to GameCube price cuts in Japan, Europe and North America in September and October of 20032. However, Sony Corporation is keeping finding many opportunities for them to keep their opposition in the video game market. They noticed that entered an established market have to offer some value, something clearly different. So they tried to add the new function, new technology into PlayStation 2. For example: the graphics on Playstation 2 are of ‘cinematic quality' and the console has a DVD reader, which can run movies. PlayStation's hard drive would later be able to accommodate and Internet connection and allow users to buy games over the Internet and download them directly on to their machine, they also could play game online. In addition, PlayStation 2 is a 128-bit machine now, but it was not the first 128-bit machine on the market. Another mainly opportunity for Playstation 2 is their software (games). They categorized their games into 5 main types: adventure/strategy games, driving/motoring games and simulations, sports, fighting game and platform games. By Sony's good reputation there are more and more software companies available for the Sony Playstation than are available for any of its rivals. In 1999 Sony had 90 companies developing games for Playstation 2 and was determined that 50 news games would be available for the launch. Playstation 2 also creating a unique opportunity for content providers and third party publishers from their biggest online community. In 2003, the massive Playstation community proved yet again the enviable advantage of strength-in-numbers as games for the number one selling platforms flew off the shelves in record amounts. Playstation 2 software led the industry with close to 3 billion in total video game sales for the year, nearly three times as much as its closest competitor. This is first online console community is also the most popular, with the Playstation 2 online base growing nearly three times as fast as that of Microsoft's Xbox live. Sony wants to hang on its leadership in the computer games industry. That appears to be Sony's thinking as the electronics giant moves ahead with development of the next version of its PlayStation video game console, which is well known as Playstation 3. Japanese media reported on May 6th that the PS3 console is in development. The goal is to make new processor technology, called â€Å"grid† about 200x faster than current console technology. This is almost achieving their original goal of making the PS3 1000 times faster than the PS2. This goal was publicly set by Mr Okamoto, the Senior VP and Chief Technical Officer of Sony Computer Entertainment, at the 2002 Game Developers Conference in San Jose, California. Playstation 3 may become a major threat to the other company in the game industry. So when Sony look for the future, one of the rivals review recent past, Pete Isensee, lead developer for Microsoft's Xbox Advanced Technology Group, used his GDC talk to deliver a mostly positive critique of the Xbox's journey to the market, lauding a product launch that happened on time and without major bugs, a departure from Microsoft history. â€Å"Microsoft has this stigma about not getting it right until version three,† he said. â€Å"We didn't have a choice with Xbox. If we didn't get it right with version one, Sony and Nintendo would eat us alive.†3 Nowadays, Playstation 2 will be outsold by rivals, but who knows what will be happen in the next. When the new game console-Playstation 3 launch to the market in Christmas 2004, maybe everything will have a big change.

The Picture Of Dorian Grey Essays - The Picture Of Dorian Gray

The Picture Of Dorian Grey Essays - The Picture Of Dorian Gray The Picture Of Dorian Grey The Picture of Dorian Grey This story is about wanting to stay young and not knowing the consequences of such a desire. Everything starts out in Basil Hallward's studio. Basil is a painter that is obsessed with Dorian Grey, a young beautiful gentleman that catches everyone's eye. On this particular day, Basil is accompanied by Lord Henry, one of his close friends. Dorian posses for a portrait and then retires to the garden with Lord Henry. They talk about youth and its great importance, about how it shouldn't be taken for granted, etc. When the picture is finished, Dorian makes a simple wish. He asks for his picture to grow old instead of him. Dorian keeps the picture and is fond of his new friend, Lord Henry. They go everywhere together and Henry teaches Dorian new things about life that he never knew existed. Dorian falls in love with an actress from the lower sides of London. But after she messes up in one of her plays, he despises her and decides never to see her again. He goes home and realizes that his picture has changed, it had grown old. The next day he is told that the actress he used to admire had committed suicide. Dorian fells no sorrow and Lord Henry tells him to take it as if it were just part of a play, a tragic scene that had come to a dramatic end. He realizes that his stupid wish had come true, so he decides to hide the painting so no one else can see it. As the years go by, people start to hate the once beloved Dorian Grey. Rumors are spread that he is a bad influence and that evil follows him wherever he goes. Many people don't believe that nonsense, and are still blown away by his ravaging good looks. They can't believe that such a handsome man can do such terrible things. Then one night, Basil visits him. They have a chat about the reputation that Dorian is getting on the streets. Basil tells him that such affairs, as he had been known to be a part off, were bad for the soul. Dorian tells him he no longer has a soul, and decides to show him the picture he once had painted of him. The picture had become horrid, old, and had lost all the beauty it once possessed. Basil is amazed and can't believe his own eyes. Dorian becomes mad at him, he blames him for all that has happened in his life, for he was the one that started the whole thing. Dorian takes a knife and stabs his good friend to death. The next day he gets rid of the body and of all the evidence that can link him to the murder. Dorian continues his life as if nothing had ever happened. A couple of days later, he is confronted by James Vayne, the actress's brother, the one he had sent to her death 18 years before. He wants to kill him for what he had done, but his good looks and his young face save his life. Now everywhere he goes he is afraid of being killed, until one day he goes hunting with a friend, and they shoot Vayne by mistake. Dorian feels without troubles and decides to make good instead of evil. He goes home and stabs the painting that had caused him all this pain. A chilling cry is heard, and his servants enter the room. They find the picture hanging on the wall, as beautiful as it ever was, and their master lying dead on the floor. He had changed into an old horrid figure and was stabbed to death. This book was an excellent choice because it had a very interesting way of looking at life. At the beginning I thought it would be the usual story, but then as the plot unwraps, one can't leave the book for a second. You always want to know what will happen to Dorian Grey. Grey is an amazing character, at the start he was just blooming like a flower, but under the influence of Lord Henry, he matures and becomes a creature of evil. He realizes his mistakes

The Origins of a Notochord

The Origins of a Notochord A notochord is often described as a primitive backbone. The word notochord comes from the  Greek words  notos  (back) and  chorde  (cord).  It is a rigid, cartilaginous rod that is present at some stage of development in all chordates. Some organisms, like African lungfish, tadpoles, and sturgeon,  retain a post-embryonic notochord.  The notochord is formed during gastrulation (an early phase in the development of most animals) and lies along the axis from the head to the tail. Notochord research has played an important role in scientists understanding the development of animals  central nervous system.   Notochord Structure Notochords provide a rigid, yet flexible structure that enables muscle attachment, which is believed to be advantageous both for individual development and evolution. It is made from a material that is similar to cartilage, the tissue you find at the tip of your nose and a sharks  cartilaginous skeleton. Notochord Development The development of the notochord is known as notogenesis. In some chordates, the notochord is present as a rod of cells that lies beneath and parallel the nerve cord, giving it support. Some animals, like tunicates or sea squirts, have a notochord during their larval stage. In vertebrates, the notochord is typically present only in the embryo stage.

OR Proceedures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

OR Proceedures - Essay Example Therefore, it is the responsibility of the nurse to carefully assess the magnitude of the patients' fears and duly inform the physician of the situation. It is also natural for a patient to feel fear of pain and discomfort. The nurse may alleviate the fear by assuring the patient of the availability of analgesic and anesthetic drugs during the surgery and the option of having a self-induced pain medication post-surgery. In cases where there is possibility of body mutilation/alteration and inability to perform activities of daily living (ADL) as a result of the operation or the prevailing disease, it is best for the nurse to give the emotional support the patient needs in an "open, nonjudgmental attitude" (Bucher et al., 2007, p.345). Furthermore, the nurse might seek the support of the patient's family to help the patient during this difficult time and inform both the patient and the patient's family of the availability of support groups and other medical teams that could help the pa tient adjust to the new situation. Careful, competent, and considerate care throughout the surgical experience will help reduce any anxiety felt by the patient and his family, will help assist in the recovery of the patient, as well as help prevent future complications. Preoperative Care In the preoperative period, it is essential that the nurse perform a thorough assessment of the patient's physiologic and psychologic status to ascertain the mental and physical fitness of the patient in going through with the procedure and, to determine the appropriate nursing intervention to be carried out in order to further prepare the patient for his surgical experience. Health and Medication History Taking. Relative information about the patients' past health and medication history including inherited familial traits might uncover facts that could very well hinder the possibility of having a safe and favorable surgical outcome and/or increase the risk factors of having the surgery. For this reason, information on previous hospitalizations, surgeries, allergies, genetic predispositions, past and present medications and, other health practices such as drinking or smoking habits should be collected and documented appropriately. Review of the Systems. Specific aspects of the body systems should also be assessed carefully and competently. It is very important that the preoperative nurse is knowledgeable of what to look for in each body system as this might, again, affect the overall outcome of the operation. Charting of the patients' intake and output in determining the fluid and electrolyte balance is critical for this purpose. Patient Teaching. Patient teaching should include learning needs, discussion of diagnostic tests, establishing diet regiments and family visits, review of OR procedures, effect of medications to be administered, purpose and administration procedure of IV therapy, pain and pain management, recovery process and, post-operative exercises to be learned. This would also be a good opportunity for the nurse to assess the knowledge of the patient regarding the why's and for's of the surgery and ascertain the need for further teaching from the physician. Surgical Preparation. Surgical preparation would depend on the type of surgery to be

Costing a shoe selling business Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Costing a shoe selling business - Case Study Example Profit 3,600 pounds Break Even Analysis: The break even analysis is performed on the basis of assessment of costs based upon the number of units that are expected to be sold.(www.connection.cwru.edu). Similarly, the total sales revenues are also computed on the basis of anticipated units that are expected to be sold each month. The variable costs per unit is 77.84 pounds and the number of units expected to be sold is roughly assessed as in the range of 50 to 70 pairs of shoes a month. The average unit sale price for each show is taken as $121.42. The Break even analysis table is shown below: BREAK EVEN ANALYSIS TIME PERIOD TOTAL FIXED COSTS TOTAL VARIABLE COSTS TOTAL SALES REVENUES 2 months $5,500 $8,096 $6,313.84 4 months $5,500 $6,227 $9,713.60 6 months $5,500 $6,616 $10,320.70 8 months $5,500 $9,341 $14,570.71 10 months $5,500 $8,562 $13,356.20 12 months $5,500 $10,586.24 $16,513.12 18 months $5,500 $9,496.48 $14,793.18 24 months $5,500 $10,117.90 $15,784.60 30 months $5,500 $10,584.88 $16,513.12 36 months $5,500 $11,052 $17,241.64 Hence, from the table, it may be noted that the break even point is reached after ten months from the time the business begins operating. This is the time when the profits in the amount of $13,356.20 exceed the sum of the fixed and variable costs ($5500 +$8562 = $14,062). Hence this is the point where the business has first begun to show profits in that the revenue from sales is greater than the total expenses on fixed and variable costs. At this point, 110 units of shoes have been sold in a two month period, which brings it to an average of 55 pairs of shoes sold per month. Margin of Safety: The margin of safety is used to calculate how much the level of sales can...Similarly, the total sales revenues are also computed on the basis of anticipated units that are expected to be sold each month. The variable costs per unit is 77.84 pounds and the number of units expected to be sold is roughly assessed as in the range of 50 to 70 pairs of shoes a month. The average unit sale price for each show is taken as $121.42. Hence, from the table, it may be noted that the break even point is reached after ten months from the time the business begins operating. This is the time when the profits in the amount of $13,356.20 exceed the sum of the fixed and variable costs ($5500 +$8562 = $14,062). Hence this is the point where the business has first begun to show profits in that the revenue from sales is greater than the total expenses on fixed and variable costs. At this point, 110 units of shoes have been sold in a two month period, which brings it to an average of 55 pairs of shoes sold per month. Margin of safety = Expected Sales level - Break even sales level. The break even sales level that has been established by the above table is 55 pairs of shoes per month. Therefore, if the expected sales per month is 70 pairs of shoes, the sales figures can fall even up to 55 pairs of shoes and the business will break even. However if the volume of shoes sold should fall below 55 pairs, then it is likely that the business will experience a loss. Since the s